1	Holistic Veterinary Medicine C. Egger, DVM, MVSc, Diplomate, ACVA, CVA, CVH Associate Professor, Anesthesiology University of Tennessee
2	Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM) Acupuncture Herbal therapy Tui-na (healing massage) Food therapy Qi-gong Tai-chi Meditation Feng Shui
3	History of TCM & Acupuncture Stone needle Inner Mongolia Neolithic period (>8000 years ago) Bone and Wood needles (2500 BC) Metal needles Shang Dynasty 1600 to 1100 BC Domestication of dogs, pigs, sheep, chicken, donkeys, elephants, deer
4	1100 to 476 BC (Zhou Dynasty) Yin-Yang theory developed and applied to medicine The concept of balance in health and imbalance in illness
5	1100 to 476 BC (Zhou Dynasty) Five Element Theory developed Varied in popularity 476 to 221 BC - applied to medicine, astrology, the calendar, music, and the natural sciences Song dynasty (960 - 1279 AD) applied to diagnosis and treatment of disease
6	1100 to 476 BC Sun Yang (Bo Le) Veterinarian for the Emperor Wrote first veterinary acupuncture book
7	History of Acupuncture 475 to 221 BC Nei Jing (The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine) Description of the treatment of many cattle and horse ailments Meridians described, physiology and pathology of AP described Qin and Han Dynasty (221 BC to 220 AD) Development of pulse and tongue diagnosis Acupuncture first used in Japan and Korea
8	History of Acupuncture 220-618 AD Several texts written on treatment of equine disease with AP Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) Texts outlining TCVM basic theories, diagnostics and treatments France - 1582 Britain - 1676 North America early 1800’s Re-opening of US trade with mainland China in 1972
9	History of Acupuncture Reflected the current religious beliefs, medical, and socio-cultural traditions of the time Thousands of years of acculturation and re-acculturation from China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Tibet, Europe, and NA Daoism, Shintoism, Confuscianism, Buddhism, Christianity There are 80 different types of acupuncture in China today!
10	Yin and Yang Theory Basic underlying theory of Chinese medicine Western or Aristotolian thought is based on the opposition of a pair of contraries The table is round and the table is square cannot both be true (mutually exclusive) Chinese concept of yin/yang states that yin and yang represent opposite but complementary qualities and each thing could be itself or its contrary Yin contains the seed of yang and transforms into yang, and vice versa Yin and yang are two phases of a cyclical movement (day transforming into night and back to day)
11	Yin and Yang theory Four aspects of the yin/yang relationship can be summarized as: Opposition of yin and yang Interdependence of yin and yang Mutual consuming of yin and yang Intertransformation of yin and yang
12	Yin and Yang theory Health is a balance of yin and yang Four possible states of imbalance (illness) are possible: Excess yin Excess yang Deficient yin Deficient yang
13	Five Element Theory Five basic processes in nature Five qualities of natural phenomena Five phases of a cycle Five inherent capabilities of change of phenomenon Five ‘organ systems’, each corresponding to the 5 elements
14	Qi (chi) The Chinese character for Qi indicates that it is something that is, at the same time, both material and immaterial Energy, matter-energy, life force Qi is in a constant state of flux and in varying states of aggregation and dispersion The refined energy produced by the internal organs, and assumes different forms in different places The functional activity of the organ
15	Chinese Traditional Medicine The theories of Qi, yin and yang and the five elements represented a historical leap in medicine from a view of disease as being caused by evil spirits to a naturalistic view of disease as being caused by lifestyle. The concept of Qi, along with yin/yang and five element theory form the foundation of TCM
16	History of TCM and Western Medicine
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18	How were AP points discovered? Ancient Chinese clinicians felt pulsations at arterial loci, which they called ‘pulsing points’ Pulsing points were thought to contain a “vital force” called Qi Needling certain points was noted to have effects on parts of the body distant to the points themselves
19	How were AP points discovered? Diagnosis was made by palpation of these pulsating points all over the body Pulsating arterial points were the first acupuncture points Disease was treated by needling the points They drew lines (meridians) to connect the points with the parts of the body affected by the needling
20	Meridians (Jing-Luo) Channels of energy (Qi) flow Connect all of the major organs Blockage along a meridian results in disease and/or pain Meridians transmit the effects of AP point stimulation and of herbal medicines to the target organ and sense organ
21	"For example," For example, needling points on the dorsum of the foot and the medial side of the lower leg seemed to have effects on the liver and eyesight Thus, the liver channel was made up of these liver points and acupuncture of these points will affect the liver, gallbladder, and eyesight
22	Acupuncture Point: Shu Xue Shu Xue: A hole in the skin that communicates with one or more internal organs by way of a meridian Special loci where Qi gathers and is distributed Each AP point communicates with one of the body’s Zang or Fu organs and reflects the conditions of that organ
23	Acupuncture Point - Shu Xue When an organ is subject to pathophysiologic changes, the related acupuncture points may become tender or show other signs of abnormality If the points are treated by AP, the effect could readily reach the communicating organ and the related sense organ through the point and the meridian AP used for diagnosis and the treatment of disease
24	What is Acupuncture? Essential Factors: AP points Meridians that transmit the effect of AP point stimulation and of herbal therapy Stimulating method Dry needle Aquapuncture Electroacupuncture Laser stimulation Therapeutic effects Target organs
25	SO … How Does Acupuncture Work? AP points may be portals of entry to the conductive connective tissue, allowing alteration of the bioelectric environment An intact nervous system is required to see the effects of acupuncture
26	How Does AP Provide Pain Relief? Central Nervous System must be intact The effects can be blocked with local anesthetics and naloxone Changes in the spinal cord and brain correlate with acupuncture analgesia Descending inhibition and release of endogenous opiates, SE, NE Placebo effect Cholinergic anti-inflammatory activity (decreased PG production)
27	Acupuncture Therapeutic Effects Pretty Safe Immunity Regulation Reproductive regulation GI regulation Stress relief Blood pressure regulation Pain Relief Back pain Joint pain Tendinitis Laminitis Colic
28	Herbal Medicine Holistic medical traditions have developed in many parts of the world over thousands of years, yet have many similarities Traditional Chinese Medicine Ancient Greek medicine Asclepius Hippocrates Ayurvedic medicine Western Herbal Medicine Homeopathy Naturopathic medicine
29	Many common treatment modalities: Body manipulation Acupuncture Tui na Chiropractic Physical activity Qi gong Tai chi Yoga Herbal medicine Food therapy Chamomile tea Chicken soup Relaxation and rest Balance = health
30	Herbal Medicine The effects of acupuncture are considered to be transient, and should be re-enforced with herbal therapy, dietary and lifestyle changes
31	5 Steps to TCVM Dx and Tx Step 1 - Data Collection Step 2 - Diagnosis Step 3 - Pattern Identification Step 4 - Treatment Plan Step 5 - Treatment
32	TCVM History Questions about your pet’s personality Temperature preferences Surface preferences Diet Food preferences Exercise Time of day problems occur
33	TCVM Physical Examination Overall body appearance Overall mental state = Shen Full physical examination Association and Alarm point palpation
34	TCVM Physical Examination Pulse palpation Tongue examination
35	TCVM Diagnosis and Treatment Will be based upon the following principles: Yin and Yang 5 Element Theory 8 Principles Interior or exterior Cold or Heat Excess or deficiency Yin or Yang
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37	TCVM For Liver Disease Prescription of Chinese herbs will depend on the individual patient and their symptoms Some western herbs that have shown some promise with treating liver disease in humans include Milk Thistle, Schisandra, licorice and turmeric
38	TCVM for collapsing trachea Various herbs may be prescribed depending upon the pattern of disharmony and the presence of concurrent disease, such as cardiac disease Slippery elm Marshmallow Lobelia
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