1	Anesthesia of Small Breed Dogs CM Egger, DVM, MVSc, CVA, CVH, Diplomate, ACVA University of Tennessee, 2006
2	What is general anesthesia? Unconsciousness or lack of awareness Muscle Relaxation Analgesia Amnesia
3	Is anesthesia safe? Less than 1% mortality rate overall Extremely low for healthy pets Higher for older, sicker patients Risk minimized by careful choice of drugs and diligent monitoring
4	What should you expect when your dog is anesthetized? Preoperative evaluation Cardiovascular system Respiratory system Laboratory tests Liver and kidney function Red and white blood cells Blood proteins Platelets Radiographs or U/S
5	What should you expect when your dog is anesthetized? Preoperative stabilization Blood glucose Albumen Fluids Antibiotics Analgesics Cardiac drugs
6	What should you expect when your dog is anesthetized? Pre-medication Sedative or tranquilizer ‘Pre-emptive’ analgesic Intravenous (IV) catheterization Fluid administration Induction drugs Antibiotics Emergency drugs
7	What should you expect when your dog is anesthetized? Induction IV administration of anesthetic to induce a state of general anesthesia Maintenance Administration of anesthetic into the lungs via a tube inserted into the trachea Uptake from the lungs by the circulation Delivery to the brain
8	What should you expect when your dog is anesthetized? Monitoring Depth of anesthesia Heart rate and rhythm Blood pressure Respiratory rate Oxygenation Ventilation Temperature Blood glucose
9	What should you expect when your dog is anesthetized? Supportive Care Thermal Blood pressure Heart rate Breathing Analgesia
10	What should you expect when your dog is anesthetized? Recovery Supportive measures continue Analgesia
11	Small Breed Dogs and Anesthesia Yorkies Silkies Toy Poodles Lhasa apso, Shi Tzu Pomeranian Chihuahua Etc.
12	Small Breed Dogs Higher metabolic rate Higher body surface area to body weight ratio Greater loss of body heat Greater oxygen requirements Small glycogen and glucose stores Shorter period of fasting Higher drug dosages
13	Dental and Orthopedic Problems Dental disease Luxating patella Developmental joint problems
14	Dental and Orthopedic Problems Analgesic blocks
15	Collapsing trachea Much greater tendency to develop airway obstruction Hypoxemia
16	Collapsing trachea
17	Collapsing trachea
18	Collapsing trachea Endotracheal intubation, oxygen and ventilation support required
19	Portosystemic shunt Hepatic encephalopathy Decreased mentation More permeable BBB Seizures Poor liver glycogen stores Hypoglycemia Reduced ability to metabolize drugs Reversible drugs Propofol Isofurane or Sevoflurane
20	Portosystemic shunt Low protein levels Clotting Abnormalities Anemia Hypotension Hypothermia
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